MARS

 
 
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SURFACE FEATURES 

Region I: 250 W- 010 W 
Syrtys Major was very dark. The Toth- Nepenthes canal was not seen (Fig 1, 3, 4, 6, 7). Nodus Alcyonius, northeast of Syrtis Major, was also dark and elongated (Fig 4, 5). To the south, Hellas was bright with cloud or fog. West of syrtis, Astabores-Astasupes was faintly seen (Fig 4, 8, 9). This area is more dark  in green and blu light. Boreosyrtis was dark (Fig 1, 3, 6, 4, 8, 9, 10) Utopia, Casius and Dioscuria appear dark. Moving westward, Protonilus, Ismenius Lacus and Deutoronilus were fairly defined as a narrow line (Fig. 4, 4a, 8). Sabaeus Sinus was quite dark and separated to the south by Deucalionis, as a clear region. Pandorae Fretum was seen too (Fig 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 4a)

 

Fig 1,2-seeing II/III- 1, on the left CM 310 (march, 2, 1999) 
2-on the right CM 50 (march, 31, 1999)  R. Lena SCT 250 mm f/10 250x  
 

 
 

Fig. 3 Lorenzo Comolli SC 200 mm f/10 sum of  20 images. Integration time of  0.09 sec. Eyepiece projection f/ 6000 by a barlow 2x. Elaboration with Qmips32 and unsharp  mask.   
Images carried out on may, 14, 1999 at  21:30 TU , Central meridian of 278°.  

 
Fig. 4- Alessandro DeLorenzo SC 250 mm f/10 +  Barlow apo 2X + red filter +CCD Sbig ST5-C 
may, 11, 1999 20:09 TU - integration of 12 images 0.02 sec 
 MC 315° seeing II/III. 
 
Fig4a-CCD image by Alessandro DeLorenzo. Elaboration in false color (by GLR).It is visible Nodus Alcyonius as a elongated spot and o the west Coloe Palus-Protonilius -Ismenius Lacus. In S. Major are visible features as Osiridis Prom., Deltoton Sinus, Incurval. Hesperia and the complex Thoana Palus-Aetheria-Nodus Laoocontis is recorded too. 
 
 

Boreosyrtis-casius was visible and dark. The complex Nodus Alcyonius-Tritonius -Tritonius Sinus  was recorded as a line dusky to dark extending from Casius (Fig. 4, 4a, 5). 

 

Fig 5. seeing II CM 273 (may,13, 1999) Filter 23 A and 15 A. PG. Salimbeni, 250x SCT 200 mm f/10  
 
 
 
 

Fig. 6-seeing III- CM 314 (april,5, 1999).  R. Lena SCT 250 mm f/10 200x  

 

Fig. 7-seeing III- CM 329 (may, 10, 1999).  PG. Salimbeni SCT 200 mm f/10 200x filter 23A, seeing III  

In Sirtys Major has been recorded a thin, bright cloud over Oenotria and over Libya. 
Furthermore it was visible the bay below Sinus Sabaeus and Sigeus Portus (Fig.8).  

 

Fig 8 May, 9, 1999 at 22.00 UT (MC 330), filters W21, W25, W80A. Syrtis Major and clouds. R. Lena OG 100 mm f/15 250x , seeing II (Antoniadi Scale).  It  is visible  the complex Ismenius Lacus-Protonilius 
 

Astaboras and Astasupes are visible extending from the north following  corner of Syrtis Major (Fig. 4, 9). Hellas appears bright, the north polar cap appears bright surrounded by an bright haze. 

 

Fig 9-May, 9, 1999 at 20.30 UT (MC 309), PG. Salimbeni SCT 200 mm f/10 200- 250x , seeing II (Antoniadi Scale).  It is visible Astaboras 
  

 

 Fig. 10, Giuseppe Sorrentino SC 200 mm f/10 , videocamera TC398  
Images carried out on may, 16, 1999 at  00:30 TU , Central meridian of 298°.  

Osiridis Promontorium, at the preceding border of Syrtis Major was recorded in some observations (and images) as in Fig 3, 4, 4a, 10, 11. 

Fig 11 Syrtis M. was large and dark. Several features in Casius-Boreosyrtis. Aetheria appears dark to dusky (elaboration by GLR group, image by Lorenzo Comolli)  
 

Region II: 010 W- 130 W 
Margaritifer Sinus and Aurorae Sinus were defined (Fig 2, 12, 16, 17, 25, 26) . Aurorae Sinus appears dark as well Margaritifer Sinus and Oxia Palus (dark spot extending from Margaritifer S.) as visible in Fig. 15. Mare Acidalium and Niliacus lacus appear dark while it was possible to see clouds over Chryse-Xanthe (Fig 14-17, 26).  
 
 

Fig 12 Lorenzo Comolli SC 200 mm f/10 sum of  20 images. Integration time of  0.05 sec. Eyepiece projection f/ 4000 by a barlow 2x. Elaboration with Qmips32 and unsharp  mask.   
Images carried out on may, 1, 1999 at  21:30 TU , Central meridian of 33°.   

Mare Acidalium to the north (bottom) and the complex Sinus Sabaeus -Margaritifer Sinus to the south (top). NPC small.   

  

Fig 13 Elaboration in false color  by Piergiovanni Salimbeni (CM 33°), on the left and Lorenzo Comolli on the right.  

 
The NPC appears surrounded by a dark collar comprised of Mare Acidalium, Mare Boreum and Nerigos (Fig 12, 13). Hyperboreus lacus was recorded over the north polar cap (fig. 2). The following half of Nilokeras and Lunae Lacus appear dark. To the west Candor, Juventae Fons and Ganges were only dusky (Fig. 2, 16, 17). In blu light they appear darker than in red light (red color of the area). Niliacus was darker than Acidalium. To the south Solis Lacus was dark and elongated E-W. The canal Phasis was not seen (Fig 14). In addition to the numerous clouds in tharsis, some albedo features were reported. In blu light a darkening of Ascraeus Lacus and Ceraunius was recorded. Eumenides appears as thin, dusky albedo feature extending from the complex Lunae Lacus-Uranius-Ascraeus Lacus (Fig 14). In  several observations bright clouds over Noachis apparently connecting to bright limbs were recorded (Fig 14). Delicate filaments including Hydrae Palus and Clytaemnestrae Lacus were seen (following border of Niliacus) (Fig 15)
 

 

Fig. 14-15 -seeing II-III; fig 7  CM 79 (may, 1, 1999)on the left -fig 8 CM 4 (may, 2, 1999) on the right. Filters W80 A, W 11.  R. Lena  OG  100 mm f/15  200x  

 
   

Fig. 16, 17-seeing II-III  CM  55 (may,2, 1999)-on the left P. Salimbeni SCT 200 mm f/10 200x  and on the right P. Ricciardi OG 100 mm f/10 200x  
 

Furthermore Tanais and Callirrhoe Sinus appear as dark projection from the preceding and following border of Mare Acidalium (Fig 13, 18). Niliacus is dark. By use of yellow filter Nilokeras appeared double (Nilokeras I and II) separated by a faint peceptible streak. Achillis Pons is very faint at high albedo (Fig 18). 
 
 
 
 Fig 18 May, 5, 1999 at 21.00 UT (MC 330), filters W11, W25, Mare Acidalium and presence of Nilokeras I and II separated by a faint streak.  R. Lena OG 100 mm f/15 250x , seeing II(Antoniadi Scale). 
 
 

Region III: 130 W- 250 W 
 Cerberus I, forming the southern border of Elysium shield was dark. Cerberus, Trivium -Charontis and Hyblaeus were dark and conspicuous in the apparition (Fig 19-20, 23). The complex Propontis I, II was also visible  (Fig.24). However in blu and green lights the complex Propontis-Trivium-Cerberus was recorded like an apparent dark feature. Hyblaeus was broad (Fig 19, 21, 23). The Azania regio preceding Elysium appears also dark in blu light (showing a specific red color) (Fig 20). Orcus appears as a thin band extending over the south preceding corne of Trivium Charontis (Fig. 19). In red light the features became fainter and only Trivium-Cerberus appeared as a halftone streak well visible. 
Aetheria also appeared dark to dusk while Nodus Alcyonius appeared in some observations as an isolated albedo feature (Fig 4, 4a). Hesperia appears as a  thin, clear strip separating Mare Cimmerium from Mare Tyrrhenum (Fig. 4, 4a, 21). 
Mare Cimmerium and Sirenum were dark and elongated . Bright clouds were recorded on Tharsis and Olympus Mons. The area surrounding Olympus Mons also appears dark to dusky over Amazonis and Arcadia (Fig. 22). 
 

 

Fig. 19, 20-seeing III  CM 220 (april,19, 1999)-on the left blu filter (W 80A) and on the right red filter (W25)  R. Lena SCT 250 mm f/10 250x  
 

Laestrygon Sinus appered dark at the end of Mare Cimmerium (Fig. 20). 
Hesperia alwais appeared as a bright streak separating Mare Cimmerium from Mare Tyrrhenum  (Fig. 4, 21). 

Fig 21seeing III  CM 238 (may,16, 1999)-  R. Lena OG 100 mm f/15 180x  
 
Fig 22- seeing III CM 146 (april,25, 1999) blu filter (W80A)  R. Lena SCT 250 mm f/10 200x  
 
 
 
  

 Fig 23- seeing III CM 146 (may,22, 1999) Giuseppe Sorrentino (LOA). MC  214  north at the top.  
 

 
   
Fig 24- seeing III CM 157 (may,26, 1999) Lorenzo Comolli. Sum of 14 images (ST4) with Barlow 2x. SC 200 mm f/10. It is visible Propontis complex. Images in integral light and red filter (on the left). 

  

Fig. 25-26-seeing III.   fig. 25 CM 60 (may ,1, 1999)and on the right  CM 49  (may, 5, 1999) Luca Landi OG 10 cm f/10  200x   
 
 
 

 

 

 

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